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Since 1999, hundreds or thousands of migrants from Africa and Asia have gathered around Calais, seeking to enter the United Kingdom. This issue has affected the British and French governments, the Eurotunnel and P&O Ferries companies, and lorry drivers heading for the UK and their companies. == Sangatte migrants camp (1999–2002) == Before 1999, growing numbers of migrants/refugees, including women and children, were found sleeping out in the streets of Calais and surrounding towns, who presumably were hoping to get themselves into Britain, either through the Channel Tunnel under or by P&O Ferries over the English Channel.〔(‘Sangatte refugee camp’ ). ''The Guardian'', 23 May 2002. Retrieved 22 June 2015.〕 In 1999, at the request of the French government, the French Red Cross opened the refugee camp in Sangatte in a giant warehouse about 800 m (half a mile) from the entrance to the Channel Tunnel.〔 Sangatte was planned to house 600 people,〔 but by 2002 it was crammed with 2,000 people〔(‘'At night it’s like a horror movie' - inside Calais's official shantytown’ ). ''The Guardian'', 6 April 2015. Retrieved 22 June 2015.〕 living in squalid conditions.〔 Tensions between ethnic groups in Sangatte grew for the best places in the camp from which to board trains at the Fréthun Eurotunnel rail freight terminal, from Calais.〔 Eurotunnel said in 2001 that each night they stopped 200 refugees, mostly from Sangatte, who aimed to smuggle themselves into Britain, and called on France to shut the camp.〔 On Christmas Day 2001, a mass of people broke through all security barriers and 500 of them stormed the Channel Tunnel.〔 The Eurotunnel company had by 2002 spent £6 million (€8 million) on security measures around the terminal site, such as fences, razor wire, cameras and 360 security guards patrolling daily.〔 In May 2002, a football match between Kurds and Afghans at the Sangatte centre ended in a fight or a riot, leaving one person dead and several injured.〔 On 3 December 2002, the French Minister of Home Affairs, Nicolas Sarkozy, announced the advanced definitive closure of the camp at Sangatte on 30 December 2002, in exchange for the promise of the British government to accept 1,000 Kurdish refugees and some 250 Afghans, who would all receive a work permit for three months, which would satisfy 80% of the refugees and migrants lodging in Sangatte at that time. The remaining 300–400 would receive a residence permit in France.〔(‘Sangatte : fermeture anticipée’ [S.: advanced closure] ). ''rfi'', 3 December 2002. Retrieved 27 June 2015.〕 == ‘Jungles’ (2002–2014) == Since 2002, migrants in Calais slept in squats, slums and outdoor camps known as “jungles” that were repeatedly raided or bulldozed by police before cropping up elsewhere, and they ate from charity soup kitchens.〔 Migrants caught during an attempt to sneak and hide aboard a lorry would be taken to the police station, get a warning, and freely return to their ‘jungle’.〔 At some date between 2002 and 2009, the UN Refugee Agency set up a permanent office in Calais to offer asylum advice to migrants.〔 In April 2009, the police raided and bulldozed a camp and arrested 190 migrants.〔 One large ‘jungle’, in the woods around Calais, with tents made out of metal grilles and plastic sheeting〔 and wooden shelters, housing 700–800 mainly Afghan migrants,〔 was an insanitary campsite.〔 It was raided in September 2009, 276 protesting migrants were arrested and put on buses, bulldozers were expected to destroy their shelters later that day.〔 The jungle inhabitants were partly imprisoned at the nearby ''Centre de Rétention'' of Coquelles, many more were taken to detention centres all over France before being released and making the journey back to Calais by foot. After the closing of this camp, the French authorities threatened to repatriate ''"sans-papiers"'' (''"immigrés en situation irrégulière"'') to Afghanistan.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Des Afghans devraient être expulsés mardi, selon la Cimade )〕 In July 2014, the French police once again expelled migrants from a camp in Calais.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Migrants around Calais」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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